Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses
It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. While most HPV infections are harmless and resolve on their own, certain types can lead to serious health issues, including genital warts and cervical cancer.
Prevention
- HPV Vaccination:
- Gardasil 9: Protects against 9 common HPV types, including those causing cancer and genital warts.
- Recommended for preteens (ages 9–12) and adults up to 26 years. Some may benefit up to age 45.
- Safe Sexual Practices:
- Use condoms or dental dams to reduce transmission risk (though not 100% effective as HPV spreads through skin-to-skin contact).
- Limit the number of sexual partners.
- Regular Screening:
- Women: Pap smears and HPV tests starting at age 21.
- Men: Anal Pap smears (for high-risk individuals, such as those who are immunocompromised or have sex with men).
- Education:
- Raising awareness about HPV and its risks.
Treatment
- Genital Warts:
- Topical treatments: Podophyllin, imiquimod, or trichloroacetic acid.
- Surgical removal: Cryotherapy, laser therapy, or excision.
- Precancerous Lesions:
- Treated with procedures like cryotherapy, LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure), or cone biopsy to remove abnormal cells.
- Cancers:
- Managed with standard cancer therapies: surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location.
